Who actually serves the internet

Why these pages exist

When a lookup reports a delivery platform, it is reporting an observed layer, not the whole story. A CDN, a security proxy, an application host and the network that announces the address are separate things, and one company can occupy several of those layers at once. These guides explain each platform’s features, common uses and operating model before examining its public detection signals. They include practical examples, questions to consider and links to official documentation.

Content delivery networks

Developer platform, CDN and securityCloudflare

Cloudflare, Inc.

Cloud, delivery and securityAkamai

Akamai Technologies, Inc.

Edge cloud and CDNFastly

Fastly, Inc.

CDNAmazon CloudFront

Amazon Web Services, Inc.

Global load balancer and CDNAzure Front Door

Microsoft Corporation

Cloud application edgeGoogle Front End

Google LLC

CDNBunny CDN

BunnyWay d.o.o.

Cloud, AI and edge platformGcore

Gcore Luxembourg S.A.

Security edges and website firewalls

Security edge and WAFImperva

Imperva, Inc.

Website firewall and CDNSucuri

Sucuri, a GoDaddy brand

Application and frontend platforms

Frontend application platformVercel

Vercel, Inc.

Frontend application platformNetlify

Netlify, Inc.

Application platformFly.io

Fly.io, Inc.

Application platformHeroku

Salesforce, Inc.

Static hostingGitHub Pages

GitHub, Inc., a Microsoft subsidiary

Managed commerce and website platforms

Commerce platformShopify

Shopify Inc.

Managed website platformWix

Wix.com Ltd.

Managed web platformPantheon

Pantheon Systems, Inc.

Managed WordPress hostingKinsta

Kinsta Inc.

How detection works

Every identification comes from public evidence: proprietary response headers, CNAME targets, published address ranges and the autonomous system announcing the route. DNSTrace.dev keeps the DNS operator, the reverse proxy, the application platform and the network owner as separate layers, and reports an origin as unknown when a proxy conceals it. The full policy is described in the evidence model.

The layer above

A delivery platform answers the request. The content management system, framework or runtime that produced the response is a separate question, documented in the application stack reference.

Run a lookup →Application stack →